{"id":941,"date":"2018-05-15T09:44:53","date_gmt":"2018-05-15T09:44:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/umudder.org\/methods-and-tools-for-combating-substance-abuse-in-the-united-states\/"},"modified":"2018-05-15T09:44:53","modified_gmt":"2018-05-15T09:44:53","slug":"methods-and-tools-for-combating-substance-abuse-in-the-united-states","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/umudder.org\/en\/methods-and-tools-for-combating-substance-abuse-in-the-united-states\/","title":{"rendered":"Methods and Tools for Combating Substance Abuse in the United States"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>METHODS AND TOOLS FOR COMBATING SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN THE UNITED STATES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Prepared by: Sevgi SU\u00c7\u0130N<br \/>\nDirector of the Department for the Prevention and Control of Non-Alcoholic Substance Abuse<\/p>\n<p>The United States, which faces a serious problem of \u201caddictive<br \/>\nsubstance use and addiction\u201d at the societal level\u2014particularly prevalent among the young population\u2014 to address this situation<br \/>\n, supports various<br \/>\nintervention programs at both the government and civil society levels and provides significant financial support<br \/>\nfor related efforts. This report provides information on some of the<br \/>\ntools currently used by the United States, as well as the benefits of research in this field, data sources, and<br \/>\neffective treatment systems. <\/p>\n<p><strong><em>DRUG COURTS<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n One way to increase access to treatment for substance abuse is through Drug Courts.<br \/>\n Drug Courts aim to create behavioral change and abstain from substance use.<br \/>\n coercive measures by the justice system to encourage drug addicts to stop<br \/>\n It benefits from its power. Drug Courts perform their duties by making decisions compulsory and random.<br \/>\n drug testing, complementary treatment (post-release assistance), and enhanced sanctions<br \/>\n It accomplishes this by using all of them together. The courts have shown great success.<br \/>\n This has been proven by studies. Since its first implementation in Florida in 1989, approximately<br \/>\n 2000 drug courts are operating across America.<br \/>\n General Characteristics   <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Drug courts primarily operate at the local level and, unlike other courts,<br \/>\npromote nonviolent recreation; they divert low-level offenders whose problems stem from<br \/>\ndrug use away from prisons and jails and refer them to supervised<br \/>\ntreatment.<\/li>\n<li>The courts provide justice, enforce the law, and, through meticulous case management that addresses the needs of treatment communities and all participants<br \/>\n, deliver other social and public services, as well as<br \/>\neducation, housing, vocational training, and mental health services.<\/li>\n<li>The ultimate goal of the courts is to help offenders overcome their substance abuse,<br \/>\nwhile, on the one hand, reducing the burden on American courts, jails, and prisons<br \/>\nand, on the other hand, preventing future criminal activity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Drug Tribunals Save Lives<br \/>\n Drug court programs have a real impact on the propensity to commit crimes.<br \/>\n The National Justice Agency&#8217;s report on &#8220;those who received prison sentences for drug-related crimes&#8221;<br \/>\n re-arrest rates of individuals who graduate from drug courts<br \/>\n A &#8220;comparative&#8221; study found significant differences between the two groups. Drug court<br \/>\n While the probability of arrest and detention for a drug addict who is not a graduate is 43.5%,<br \/>\n drug court graduate re-enters within the first year after graduation<br \/>\n The probability of arrest and detention for a serious crime is 16.4%. (Figures from the last two years)<br \/>\n According to the study, the tendency to commit crimes is 58.6% for those who have not graduated, while it is 27.5% for graduates.<br \/>\n Courts in Numbers<br \/>\n The drug court movement continues to grow rapidly. Since 1989<br \/>\n Drug Tribunals are in operation and are used in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Northern Ireland.<br \/>\n Implemented in the Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, Guam, and all 121 tribal settlements.<br \/>\n It is planned to be passed.   <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In approximately 40% of counties in the United States, drug courts<br \/>\nare either already in operation or are planned to be established.<\/li>\n<li>As of June 2007, 1,927 drug court programs are in operation, and there are 400 programs that have been developed at<br \/>\n.<\/li>\n<li>The $31.8 million Presidential &#8221;<br \/>\n&#8221; budget for HHS (Health and Human Services) treatment has been increased by $21.7 million to support Drug Courts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>SCREENING AND PARTIAL INTERVENTION<\/strong><\/em><br \/>\n Substance abuse is a major public health concern for American citizens.<br \/>\n It is one of the problems. Substance addiction destroys lives, breaks up families, and harms health.<br \/>\n These services, along with legal, business, and other expenses, cost billions of dollars every year.<br \/>\n This is happening in the United States with substance use addiction and poverty.<br \/>\n To reduce the problem, the Federal Government should diagnose substance use before it becomes a serious issue.<br \/>\n and from the national health services system to help treat addiction<br \/>\n They have launched an innovative new initiative that will be beneficial.<br \/>\n Early Detection of Substance Use Saves Lives.  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Today, there are more than 20 million Americans<br \/>\nwho have received a medical diagnosis of alcohol or substance dependence or misuse. More than 94% of them<br \/>\nare unaware that they need help and have not sought medical intervention or<br \/>\ntreatment from healthcare professionals. <\/li>\n<li>The vast majority of Americans have seen a healthcare provider<br \/>\nat least once within a year. By encouraging healthcare<br \/>\nworkers to identify at-risk groups and provide early intervention, substance abuse and alcohol<br \/>\nmisuse among Americans have been significantly reduced. <\/li>\n<li>Following a substance use screening, healthcare professionals can intervene regarding substance<br \/>\nuse if necessary.<\/li>\n<li>These studies, which are based on intervention dialogues, help explain the consequences of substance use to patients<br \/>\nand provide a reliable strategy for eliminating or reducing substance use<br \/>\n.<\/li>\n<li>Current substance use intervention programs address existing substance use and<br \/>\n success in reducing other health problems caused by substance use<br \/>\n He has recorded it.<\/li>\n<li>Early detection and intervention in substance use are also highly effective in terms of cost management\u2014<br \/>\n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Improving the Healthcare System to Reduce Substance Abuse<\/strong><br \/>\n Federal Government \u201cScreening, Partial Intervention, Referral and Treatment\u201d \u2013 Screening, Brief<br \/>\n An example program called Intervention, Referral and Treatment (SBIRT).<br \/>\n It has created.<br \/>\n To date, the SBIRT program has been implemented in 17 states: Alaska, Arizona,<br \/>\n California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Massachusetts, New<br \/>\n Mexico, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas, Tennessee, Washington and Wisconsin.<br \/>\n As of August 2007, more than 539,000 patients had participated in the SBIRT sample program.<br \/>\n They were screened. 15.5% of them received immediate intervention, and 3% were enrolled in addiction treatment.<br \/>\n And 3.5% were referred for specialist addiction treatment programs.<br \/>\n Following six months of patient follow-up, substance use decreased after &#8220;immediate intervention&#8221;.<br \/>\n A significant decrease has been observed.<br \/>\n In early January 2007, the Medical Services and Medical Assistance Services Center approved \u201cCMS\u201d.<br \/>\n Medical codes are also used to provide medical information to doctors who screen for substance and alcohol abuse.<br \/>\n A donation invoice can be issued. <\/p>\n<p><strong>RANDOM STUDENT DRUG TEST<\/strong><br \/>\n What is Random Student Drug Testing?<br \/>\n The Random Student Drug Test is a valid way to say no to substance use in students.<br \/>\n It is a powerful tool that provides a reason. Testing conducted in accordance with privacy regulations is already in place.<br \/>\n It enables the identification of students who have started using substances and provides counseling for these students.<br \/>\n It guides. It also guides students who have developed addiction or are in the process of developing it.<br \/>\n It helps in identifying and getting these students treated.<br \/>\n Why Random Student Testing?  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>More than half of high school students have used an illegal substance. (Monitoring the<br \/>\nFuture 2005) <\/li>\n<li>The use of prescription drugs has increased by 40% since 2002. (Monitoring the Future<br \/>\n2005) <\/li>\n<li>More young people are entering treatment programs for marijuana use\u2014<br \/>\n\u2014than for any other combination of illicit substances.<\/li>\n<li>Students with a grade point average of D or lower have used marijuana at least four times in the past year<br \/>\n.<\/li>\n<li>Random testing programs are fostering a culture that does not condone substance use and<br \/>\nprovide young people with a legitimate reason<br \/>\nto resist peer pressure to use substances.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Drug Testing Is Effective<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Many schools require students to undergo testing for tuberculosis (TB) and other infectious diseases<br \/>\nas a condition of enrollment. The substance use screening program expands these tests<br \/>\nto include substance use disorders<br \/>\nas part of preventive procedures. <\/li>\n<li>Hunterdon Central High School in New Jersey has reported a decline in substance use among its students following the implementation of a random testing program<br \/>\n.<\/li>\n<li>A Ball State University in Indiana tested the substance in Indiana before it was used in the test.<br \/>\n It reported an 85% increase in use, and 518 students were found to be under the influence of alcohol or drugs.<br \/>\n suspended from school for a certain period due to incidents related to its use, or<br \/>\n This number has been reduced to 352 using random student testing programs.<br \/>\n(McKinney, Ball State University, 2003)<\/li>\n<li>School bus drivers, pilots, and employees in many other high-risk occupations<br \/>\nare required to undergo pre-employment drug and alcohol testing, and the results<br \/>\nhelp ensure safer services. According to the federal substance abuse testing model (<br \/>\n), 67% of employees tested during unannounced, random screenings tested positive for substance use (<br \/>\n). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Random Testing and Privacy: This Is Not a Violation<br \/>\nThe U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that \u201csubstance abuse testing must be conducted in a manner that respects privacy principles<br \/>\n.\u201d Schools are required to respect students\u2019 privacy<br \/>\nand are obligated to comply with the Supreme Court\u2019s rulings<br \/>\n. Only those who need to know the test results have the right to view them<br \/>\n. Test results must not be shared with anyone, including teachers. The goal is to<br \/>\ndeter substance use, provide early intervention for those who have just started using substances, offer professional support to those who have become<br \/>\ndependent, protect children from being exposed to substance use<br \/>\n, and prevent them from being punished for substance use.    <\/p>\n<p><strong>Testing Programs Increase Participation in Extracurricular Activities<\/strong><br \/>\nRandom drug testing creates a culture of trust, fostering a safe environment for students<br \/>\nand encouraging them to participate in club activities and sports.<br \/>\nA study conducted by Oregon Health Science University found that random student<br \/>\ntesting led to a 10% increase in participation rates in extracurricular activities at school.<br \/>\nRandom Testing Helps Parents and Their Children<br \/>\nMore than 1,000 schools in the United States have already begun implementing their own random testing programs<br \/>\n.<br \/>\nRandom testing programs complement existing substance abuse education and prevention efforts<br \/>\n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>FINANCIAL SUPPORT PROGRAMS FOR COMMUNITIES<\/strong><br \/>\nGeneral Features<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Originally funded by Congress in 1997, the \u201cDrug-Free<br \/>\nCommunities \u2013 Drug-Free Communities (DFC) Program,\u201d originally funded by Congress in 1997, is currently spread across the entire United States<br \/>\nand comprises over 700 drug-free community coalitions focused primarily on solving local problems\n<\/li>\n<li>The White House National Drug Control Policy directs the DFC program to collaborate with Substance-<br \/>\n-Use, and National Mental Health Counseling Services.<\/li>\n<li>In December 2006, President Bush signed legislation extending the DFC program for an additional five years, through 2012, under the &#8221;<br \/>\n.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>DFC provides communities with the necessary financial support to identify substance use problems at the local level and develop solutions<br \/>\n.<\/li>\n<li>As part of their strategic plans, DFC coalitions collect and report on young people\u2019s knowledge of substance use<br \/>\nat the local level.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Encourages Collaboration<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>DFC coalitions, which work on drug prevention strategies from a multifaceted perspective<br \/>\n, should include members from different segments of society.<\/li>\n<li>Membership includes young people, parents, the business community, the media, schools, youth<br \/>\norganizations, legal practitioners, religious or fraternal organizations,<br \/>\nurban groups, healthcare workers, and local or tribal agencies.<\/li>\n<li>It hosts activities such as town hall meetings on topics including coalitions, social marketing campaigns, youth leadership training, beverage service<br \/>\ntraining, local substance use studies, youth summits, and policy changes, as detailed at<br \/>\n.<\/li>\n<li>There are currently 736 DFC<br \/>\ncoalitions in 49 states, the District of Columbia, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Providing Financial Support to Communities<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In August 2007, 90 new grants totaling $8.9 million were awarded.<\/li>\n<li>The prize money will increase to $500,000 over the next five years.<\/li>\n<li>In addition, $62.9 million has been allocated to the existing 644 coalition projects.<\/li>\n<li>$3 million in 19 new grants through the DCF mentor support program.<br \/>\n These funds are used for the purposes of anti-drug community programs.<br \/>\n existing DFC grants to improve their ability to support themselves<br \/>\n It will expand. <\/li>\n<li>Under the mentor program, $1 million has been awarded to<br \/>\nto support 15 ongoing grants.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><br \/>\nFACTS ABOUT ACCESS TO TREATMENT<\/strong><br \/>\nAccording to the latest National Survey on Drug Use and Health, more than 20 million people are unable to access treatment services even though they need treatment due to alcohol and illicit substance use. To address this gap, President Bush has launched a new, voluntary program that expands existing treatment services in the United States and helps people recover from addiction.<br \/>\nLaunched in 2008, the \u201cAccess to Recovery (ATR)\u201d program provides vouchers for both recovery support programs and complementary treatment services. First and foremost, Access to Recovery is expanding treatment options to include faith-based and community-based providers. This allows clients to choose the treatment programs that best meet their needs. Congress has approved a $300 million budget for Access to Recovery (ATR) over the past three years.<br \/>\n<strong>What Does Access to Treatment Provide?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ATR provides customers with the opportunity to choose from high-quality substance abuse treatment clinics and recovery support providers at<br \/>\n.<\/li>\n<li>ATR is expanding access to comprehensive clinical treatment and recovery service providers<br \/>\n.<\/li>\n<li>ATR is increasing its capacity for substance abuse treatment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>ATR: Effective Treatment Process for Substance Abusers<br \/>\nTo date, over $300 million in funding has been allocated to 14 states and one tribal organization over the course of three years. Initial data on the program indicate that it has been successful.<br \/>\nAs of March 31, 2007, ATR programs: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Exceeding its target of serving 125,000 people over three years, the organization has provided treatment to 170,000 people with substance use disorders<br \/>\n.<\/li>\n<li>Two-thirds of voucher recipients (approximately 63%) have benefited from critical treatment support services<br \/>\n(employment coaching, transportation, family services, mental health support homes, peer<br \/>\nsupport, etc.).<\/li>\n<li>By allocating 31% of the funds to faith- and community-based organizations, treatment and recovery options have been expanded for those with<br \/>\n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>NIDA (National Institute on Drug Abuse) Community Epidemiology<br \/>\ns (CEWG) Working Group<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A public health substance abuse monitoring program that has been in operation since 1976<\/li>\n<li>It is a network that represents the vast majority of metropolitan areas in the United States. What Does the &#8221;<br \/>\n&#8221; Do?<\/li>\n<li>It monitors substance use trends using a variety of indicators. In this context,<br \/>\nidentifies newly emerging drugs or new forms of drug use. <\/li>\n<li>It provides a local perspective on substance use issues.<\/li>\n<li>It provides a network of local contact points for inquiries and up-to-date information.<\/li>\n<li>It facilitates the unlimited sharing of new findings through regular publications.<\/li>\n<li>It organizes forums that provide an opportunity to discuss new trends and issues related to substance use at the local and national levels<br \/>\n.<\/li>\n<li>It brings together the findings of studies supported by NIDA grants.<\/li>\n<li>The topic, which addresses major issues and emerging trends related to substance use, offers panel opportunities focused on<br \/>\n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>DATA SOURCES OF THE NIDA COMMUNITY EPIDEMIOLOGY WORKING GROUP (CEWG)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN)<\/li>\n<li>Emergency Department Data<\/li>\n<li>Medical examination data<\/li>\n<li>Treatment Groups Datasets<\/li>\n<li>National Research<\/li>\n<li>Internal Monitoring Program<\/li>\n<li>National Forensic Laboratory Information System<\/li>\n<li>Drug Evidence Information Access System<\/li>\n<li>Reports from the National Drug Intelligence Center<\/li>\n<li>Potential Local Data Sources<\/li>\n<li>Local research studies<\/li>\n<li>State- and local-level studies<\/li>\n<li>Treatment data at the state and local levels<\/li>\n<li>Local arrest data<\/li>\n<li>Drug trafficking and drug lab busts<\/li>\n<li>Price and purity data<\/li>\n<li>Poison control centers<\/li>\n<li>Local medical examinations<\/li>\n<li>Phone helplines<\/li>\n<li>The interpretation of data at the local level is a key component of the national monitoring program.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>THE ROLE OF RESEARCH IN THE FIGHT AGAINST SUBSTANCE ABUSE<\/strong><br \/>\nThe Primary Objective of the Research:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Evaluating programs and policies<\/li>\n<li>Using evidence to inform the development of programs and policies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The Role of Research in Achieving Public Health Goals<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The study identifies risk factors for drug use and the risks associated with drug use\n<\/li>\n<li>Research provides evidence-<br \/>\n-based support for shaping programs, policies, and practices<\/li>\n<li>Research contributes to medical advances that support treatment<\/li>\n<li>Research helps us understand the brain\u2019s fundamental structure and functions\u2014such as exploration, motivation, memory, learning, reward, adaptation, and willpower\u2014<br \/>\n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Research Helps Identify Risk Factors for Substance Use:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Economic risks: Cost, potency, availability, purity<\/li>\n<li>Existing risk factors: Genetics, environment, common (prevalent) diseases<\/li>\n<li>Drug Properties: Stimulants, hallucinogens, depressants<\/li>\n<li>Route of administration: Oral, inhalation, via the mouth, intravenous, dosage, method, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>FINDINGS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Research shows that the brain is not yet fully developed in adolescents and that<br \/>\nit may undergo changes if exposed to drugs.<\/li>\n<li>Research shows that faster absorption of the drug into the body increases the brain\u2019s level of pleasure derived from the drug<br \/>\n.<\/li>\n<li>Research highlights the risks associated with drug use.<\/li>\n<li>Studies have shown that increased marijuana use raises the incidence and risk of acute health problems<br \/>\n.<\/li>\n<li>Studies show that students who use marijuana and cannabis:\n<ul>\n<li>who experience difficulty concentrating<\/li>\n<li>That they were putting themselves in danger<\/li>\n<li>that they were driving under the influence of drugs<\/li>\n<li>They neglected important activities<\/li>\n<li>That they slept too much and missed their classes<\/li>\n<li>That they were having problems with their friends and family<\/li>\n<li>They are experiencing serious problems at home, at work, and at school<\/li>\n<li>that they had trespassed on the property<\/li>\n<li>And it often shows that they get into trouble with the law.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Research shows that using drugs at an early age (under 15) leads to higher rates of drug use and can lead to addiction.<\/li>\n<li>Research shows that young people (ages 15\u201321) seek treatment more often for the use of non-alcoholic addictive substances and drug addiction than for alcohol use.<\/li>\n<li>Research shows that individuals exposed to addictive substances during adolescence are at a higher risk of experiencing the urge to use substances in adulthood.<\/li>\n<li>Research shows that the opioid system in the brains of adults who were exposed to THC during adolescence is altered.<\/li>\n<li>Research shows that heavy meth use has toxic effects on the brain.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>For Effective Treatment:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The individual should remain in the treatment program for as long as possible<\/li>\n<li>Healthcare workers should be trained on the diagnosis and treatment of substance use disorders at\n<\/li>\n<li>A patient-centered treatment program that takes each patient\u2019s individual characteristics into account should be developed at\n<\/li>\n<li>\nshould conduct long-term follow-up to assess whether the treatment is effective and how it can be improved<\/li>\n<li>And biometric tests should be repeated frequently.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>REFERENCES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Office of National Drug Control Policy, USA (September 2007). Fact Sheet: Access to Recovery.<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov\/pdf\/A2RFinal0907.pdf (Accessed January 23, 2008)<br \/>\nOffice of National Drug Control Policy, USA (June 2007). Drug courts: providing<br \/>\ntreatment instead of jail for non-violent offenders.<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov\/publications\/asp\/topics.asp?txtTopicID=1&#038;txtSubTopi<br \/>\ncID=0 (Accessed: January 23, 2008)<br \/>\nOffice of National Drug Control Policy, USA (January 2007). Screening &#038; brief intervention.<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov\/publications\/pdf\/screen_brief_intv.pdf (Accessed:<br \/>\nJanuary 23, 2008)<br \/>\nOffice of National Drug Control Policy, USA (March 2007). Random student drug testing.<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov\/publications\/asp\/topics.asp?txtTopicID=1&#038;txtSubTopi<br \/>\ncID=0 (Accessed: January 23, 2008)<br \/>\nOffice of National Drug Control Policy, USA (January 2007).     Drug-free communities support<br \/>\nprogram<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov\/publications\/asp\/topics.asp?txtTopicID=1&#038;txtSubTopi<br \/>\ncID=0 (Accessed: January 23, 2008)<br \/>\nThe White House, USA (February 2007). National Drug Control Strategy <\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>METHODS AND TOOLS FOR COMBATING SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN THE UNITED STATES Prepared by: Sevgi SU\u00c7\u0130N Director of the Department for the Prevention and Control of Non-Alcoholic Substance Abuse The United States, which faces a serious problem of \u201caddictive substance use and addiction\u201d at the societal level\u2014particularly prevalent among the young population\u2014 to address this situation [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":356,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[59],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-941","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sources"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/umudder.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/941","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/umudder.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/umudder.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/umudder.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/umudder.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=941"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/umudder.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/941\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/umudder.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/356"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/umudder.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=941"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/umudder.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=941"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/umudder.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=941"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}