You can download the report of the Parliamentary Inquiry Commission, established to investigate drug addiction and new forms of addiction in order to identify the causes of addiction and determine the necessary measures, from the link below.
METHODS AND TOOLS FOR COMBATING SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN THE UNITED STATES
Prepared by: Sevgi SUÇİN
Director of the Department for the Prevention and Control of Non-Alcoholic Substance Abuse
The United States, which faces a serious problem of “addictive
substance use and addiction” at the societal level—particularly prevalent among the young population— to address this situation
, supports various
intervention programs at both the government and civil society levels and provides significant financial support
for related efforts. This report provides information on some of the
tools currently used by the United States, as well as the benefits of research in this field, data sources, and
effective treatment systems.
DRUG COURTS
One way to increase access to treatment for substance abuse is through Drug Courts.
Drug Courts aim to create behavioral change and abstain from substance use.
coercive measures by the justice system to encourage drug addicts to stop
It benefits from its power. Drug Courts perform their duties by making decisions compulsory and random.
drug testing, complementary treatment (post-release assistance), and enhanced sanctions
It accomplishes this by using all of them together. The courts have shown great success.
This has been proven by studies. Since its first implementation in Florida in 1989, approximately
2000 drug courts are operating across America.
General Characteristics
Drug Tribunals Save Lives
Drug court programs have a real impact on the propensity to commit crimes.
The National Justice Agency’s report on “those who received prison sentences for drug-related crimes”
re-arrest rates of individuals who graduate from drug courts
A “comparative” study found significant differences between the two groups. Drug court
While the probability of arrest and detention for a drug addict who is not a graduate is 43.5%,
drug court graduate re-enters within the first year after graduation
The probability of arrest and detention for a serious crime is 16.4%. (Figures from the last two years)
According to the study, the tendency to commit crimes is 58.6% for those who have not graduated, while it is 27.5% for graduates.
Courts in Numbers
The drug court movement continues to grow rapidly. Since 1989
Drug Tribunals are in operation and are used in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Northern Ireland.
Implemented in the Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, Guam, and all 121 tribal settlements.
It is planned to be passed.
SCREENING AND PARTIAL INTERVENTION
Substance abuse is a major public health concern for American citizens.
It is one of the problems. Substance addiction destroys lives, breaks up families, and harms health.
These services, along with legal, business, and other expenses, cost billions of dollars every year.
This is happening in the United States with substance use addiction and poverty.
To reduce the problem, the Federal Government should diagnose substance use before it becomes a serious issue.
and from the national health services system to help treat addiction
They have launched an innovative new initiative that will be beneficial.
Early Detection of Substance Use Saves Lives.
Improving the Healthcare System to Reduce Substance Abuse
Federal Government “Screening, Partial Intervention, Referral and Treatment” – Screening, Brief
An example program called Intervention, Referral and Treatment (SBIRT).
It has created.
To date, the SBIRT program has been implemented in 17 states: Alaska, Arizona,
California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Massachusetts, New
Mexico, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas, Tennessee, Washington and Wisconsin.
As of August 2007, more than 539,000 patients had participated in the SBIRT sample program.
They were screened. 15.5% of them received immediate intervention, and 3% were enrolled in addiction treatment.
And 3.5% were referred for specialist addiction treatment programs.
Following six months of patient follow-up, substance use decreased after “immediate intervention”.
A significant decrease has been observed.
In early January 2007, the Medical Services and Medical Assistance Services Center approved “CMS”.
Medical codes are also used to provide medical information to doctors who screen for substance and alcohol abuse.
A donation invoice can be issued.
RANDOM STUDENT DRUG TEST
What is Random Student Drug Testing?
The Random Student Drug Test is a valid way to say no to substance use in students.
It is a powerful tool that provides a reason. Testing conducted in accordance with privacy regulations is already in place.
It enables the identification of students who have started using substances and provides counseling for these students.
It guides. It also guides students who have developed addiction or are in the process of developing it.
It helps in identifying and getting these students treated.
Why Random Student Testing?
Drug Testing Is Effective
Random Testing and Privacy: This Is Not a Violation
The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that “substance abuse testing must be conducted in a manner that respects privacy principles
.” Schools are required to respect students’ privacy
and are obligated to comply with the Supreme Court’s rulings
. Only those who need to know the test results have the right to view them
. Test results must not be shared with anyone, including teachers. The goal is to
deter substance use, provide early intervention for those who have just started using substances, offer professional support to those who have become
dependent, protect children from being exposed to substance use
, and prevent them from being punished for substance use.
Testing Programs Increase Participation in Extracurricular Activities
Random drug testing creates a culture of trust, fostering a safe environment for students
and encouraging them to participate in club activities and sports.
A study conducted by Oregon Health Science University found that random student
testing led to a 10% increase in participation rates in extracurricular activities at school.
Random Testing Helps Parents and Their Children
More than 1,000 schools in the United States have already begun implementing their own random testing programs
.
Random testing programs complement existing substance abuse education and prevention efforts
.
FINANCIAL SUPPORT PROGRAMS FOR COMMUNITIES
General Features
Encourages Collaboration
Providing Financial Support to Communities
FACTS ABOUT ACCESS TO TREATMENT
According to the latest National Survey on Drug Use and Health, more than 20 million people are unable to access treatment services even though they need treatment due to alcohol and illicit substance use. To address this gap, President Bush has launched a new, voluntary program that expands existing treatment services in the United States and helps people recover from addiction.
Launched in 2008, the “Access to Recovery (ATR)” program provides vouchers for both recovery support programs and complementary treatment services. First and foremost, Access to Recovery is expanding treatment options to include faith-based and community-based providers. This allows clients to choose the treatment programs that best meet their needs. Congress has approved a $300 million budget for Access to Recovery (ATR) over the past three years.
What Does Access to Treatment Provide?
ATR: Effective Treatment Process for Substance Abusers
To date, over $300 million in funding has been allocated to 14 states and one tribal organization over the course of three years. Initial data on the program indicate that it has been successful.
As of March 31, 2007, ATR programs:
NIDA (National Institute on Drug Abuse) Community Epidemiology
s (CEWG) Working Group
DATA SOURCES OF THE NIDA COMMUNITY EPIDEMIOLOGY WORKING GROUP (CEWG)
THE ROLE OF RESEARCH IN THE FIGHT AGAINST SUBSTANCE ABUSE
The Primary Objective of the Research:
The Role of Research in Achieving Public Health Goals
Research Helps Identify Risk Factors for Substance Use:
FINDINGS
For Effective Treatment:
REFERENCES
Office of National Drug Control Policy, USA (September 2007). Fact Sheet: Access to Recovery.
http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/pdf/A2RFinal0907.pdf (Accessed January 23, 2008)
Office of National Drug Control Policy, USA (June 2007). Drug courts: providing
treatment instead of jail for non-violent offenders.
http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/asp/topics.asp?txtTopicID=1&txtSubTopi
cID=0 (Accessed: January 23, 2008)
Office of National Drug Control Policy, USA (January 2007). Screening & brief intervention.
http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/pdf/screen_brief_intv.pdf (Accessed:
January 23, 2008)
Office of National Drug Control Policy, USA (March 2007). Random student drug testing.
http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/asp/topics.asp?txtTopicID=1&txtSubTopi
cID=0 (Accessed: January 23, 2008)
Office of National Drug Control Policy, USA (January 2007). Drug-free communities support
program
http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/asp/topics.asp?txtTopicID=1&txtSubTopi
cID=0 (Accessed: January 23, 2008)
The White House, USA (February 2007). National Drug Control Strategy
A draft report was prepared as part of the work conducted by the Turkish Grand National Assembly’s Commission on Substance Abuse.
According to a report containing recommendations for implementing measures to prevent substance abusein collaboration with relevant agencies, institutions, and civil society organizations, the internet will also be utilized in the fight against substance abuse.
As part of this initiative, efforts will be made to place mandatory videos containing messages of appropriate duration on websites—including those featuring the most-visited social media influencers, online games, and online shopping sites—based on the target audience.
To raise public awareness, 4- to 5-second mandatory ads will be shown before online games—especially those played by young people—launch, or engaging and informative short videos of up to 10 seconds will be produced that players must watch before the game begins.
At the same time, measures will be taken to ensure that warning labels are used in video games to prevent harmful content.
In addition to posting short videos on YouTube about the dangers of drugs, the initiative will enable “YouTube influencers” to deliver effective messages and allow well-known figures to directly convey to young people the key points they need to be aware of regarding this issue.
Content moderation on social media will be stepped up, and necessary regulations will be implemented to prevent internet users from having easy access to illicit drugs.
In popular TV series as well, the actors’ messages guiding the audience on the topic will be incorporated into the dialogue.
In addition, as part of the effort to combat substance abuse, there will be collaboration with the media.
In this context, since the written or verbal portrayal in the media of the false, temporary, and glorifying effects of substance use on an individual could encourage at-risk individuals, terms such as “drug lord,” “market value,” “recreational drug,” and “high,” which carry connotations of encouragement, will be replaced with terms that do not imply encouragement, such as “addict,” “person in need of treatment,” “harmful substance,” and similar expressions.
In news reports following an operation conducted by law enforcement, care will be taken to use terms such as “bag,” “package,” and “kilogram” rather than specifying the economic value of the seized substance.
Guidance regarding the use and procurement of drugs in TV series, movies, and photographs will be avoided. A media guide will be prepared as part of the fight against drugs.
According to the draft, which states that it would be appropriate to introduce a certification program for journalists covering drug-related news in the media, the certification program will provide media professionals with information on a wide range of topics—including terminology, legislation, diagnosis, and treatment centers—to ensure the accurate dissemination of information on addiction and to raise public awareness.
ANKARA – YEŞİM SERT KARAASLAN, AA
Following President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s call for an all-out fight and his statement that“Drug-related terrorism is just as bad as armed terrorism,” the draft report of the Substance Abuse Research Commission established by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey has been completed.
Opposition parties were asked to draft their dissenting opinions and submit them to the committee. If the report is not debated in the Grand National Assembly plenary session—which is scheduled to adjourn on May 15 due to the June 24 election—the committee will be deemed to have done no work at all. The report drew attention with its proposal to establish an Undersecretariat for the Fight Against Addiction under the Presidency, in reference to the Presidential Government System to be adopted after June 24, 2018.
Some of the recommendations included in the report obtained by Milliyet are summarized as follows:
– Given that the term “narcotic substance” may also evoke positive connotations, care should be taken to use terms such as “substance” or “addictive substance” instead.
– It should not be forgotten that the fight against substance abuse began with the fight against smoking.The deterrent regulations introduced regarding cigarette use must also be implemented for hookah use. It would be appropriate to enact regulations prohibiting the opening of hookah cafes and banning hookah use in enclosed spaces.
– As part of the fight against drugs, there is a need for an institution composed of experts that will provide coordination and cooperation, exercise leadership, and develop science-based policies.This structure could be organized as the General Directorate or Undersecretariat for the Fight Against Addiction, under the Presidency, taking into account the provisions of the Constitution that will take effect after June 24, 2018.
– To combat drugs, mechanisms must be established to intercept them in source countries before they reach our country; if this cannot be achieved in source countries, they must be intercepted in transit countries.Regarding synthetic drugs originatingin Europe, it is necessary to enhance cooperation and dialogue with Europe and increase pressure on the relevant countries.
– It would be appropriate for our country to take the lead in establishing an international organization to combat drug trafficking, particularly by establishing a committee to combat drug trafficking within the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, with its headquarters in Turkey.
– Given that young people—the target audience for illicit drugs—make heavy use of the internet, particularly social media platforms; the sale of drugs via the darknet (dark web)/deep web (deep web) and the traditional internet to sell drugs and to post content that describes or encourages drug use. It is essential that relevant agencies—particularly those combating cybercrime—take effective action against these activities and that these agencies be strengthened in terms of logistics and personnel.
– It was determined that revising the regulations regarding bonuses awarded for drug seizures (such as paying bonuses in a single installment, reorganizing units that do not receive bonuses, providing case-by-case bonuses for small-scale seizures as part of efforts to combat street dealers, etc.) would be appropriate.
– It would be appropriate to provide trainingto relevant individuals (private security guards, neighborhood leaders, shop owners, etc.) on preventing the supply of drugs at the neighborhood and street levels.
– It would be appropriate to step up efforts to detect and continuously monitor illegal cultivation areas by leveraging technological advancements (such as the use of UAVs, the TUYGUN Project, etc.).
– Regulations should be put in place to allow law enforcement personnel to conduct inspections and checks in areas of greenhouses other than those used as residential spaces, with the aim of identifying areas where cannabis plants are being cultivated illegally within their jurisdiction.
– It is assessed that expanding the Gendarmerie’s authority to intercept and monitor communications (by lifting the current restriction that limits these activities solely to its area of responsibility) and granting it the authority to conduct investigations in the digital environment and access subscriber information will make significant contributions to the fight against drugs.
– It would be appropriate to accelerate efforts to install security camera systems in educational institutions and to expedite the joint initiatives with the Ministry of National Education regarding the monitoring of perimeter security at schools deemed to be at risk.
Expanded Authority for Customs and Border Protection and MASAK
– It is believed that the Narcotics Smuggling Prevention Branch, which operates under the Directorate of Combating Smuggling within the General Directorate of Customs and Border Protection of the Ministry of Customs and Trade,is assessed to be beneficial in the fight against drugs. Due to the increasing volume of trade, the upcoming opening of the third airport currently under construction in Istanbul, and the opening of new customs checkpoints, it has been determined that there will be a need for at least 5,000 law enforcement personnel over the next five years, 1,500 of whom will be required within the next year. To ensure that inspections are not disrupted, the necessary measures must be taken to address the personnel shortage.
– Although the General Directorate of Customs and Border Protection of the Ministry of Customs and Trade uses a large number of high-tech programs, it has become clear that full effectiveness in the fight against drugs cannot be achieved because access to records available to other law enforcement agencies (such as GBT and hotel records—fingerprints, criminal records, etc.), it has been determined that full effectiveness in the fight against drugs cannot be achieved. The necessary regulations must be implemented to ensure access to these records.
– When disproportionate assets are identified in a public employee, and if that person has not filed a timely declaration, those assets may be seized on the grounds of unjust enrichment, and the burden of proof in such cases shifts to the public employee.It would be appropriate to apply a similar measure to individuals accused of drug trafficking.It is considered that assets confiscated in connection with drug trafficking/smuggling offenses could also be used for the treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicts, thereby helping to reintegrate into society those harmed by drug traffickers.
– MASAK should be required to monitor financial transactions in real time during field operations conducted by law enforcement agencies targeting drug trafficking.
– Given MASAK’s duties, authorities, and operational results, restructuring MASAK could be considered in order to ensure that it functions more effectively as our country’s Financial Intelligence Unit.
– The issue of confiscating cash of unknown origin seized at customs may be considered.
Being able to say “no”
– The Ministry of National Education has incorporated skills such as asking for help, anger management, saying “no,” resisting pressure, self-expression, communication skills, problem-solving, stress management, and self-awareness.Consideration could also be given to offering these topics as standalone courses.
– The Regulations on Awards and Discipline in Secondary Education Institutions list “drinking alcohol at school, coming to school under the influence of alcohol, or using illicit drugs” among the behaviors warranting suspension with a certificate of withdrawal from school.Suspending a child from school does not produce the desired outcome in the context of combating substance abuse. Children who are suspended from school may be drawn into more serious crimes, such as obtaining drugs in the vicinity of the school. For this reason, it would be appropriate to amend the aforementioned regulation so that it does not require the suspension of children from school.Furthermore, measures must be taken to ensure that children and youth who are unable to attend school can be reintegrated into the educational system.
– To prevent problematic use of the Internet and information technology, it would be appropriate to develop a curriculum on the responsible use of technology.
Authority to “direct” imams
– The active involvement of religious leaders in the fight against addiction—particularly in prevention, demand reduction, referral to relevant agencies, and processes related to communication and social integration—will give new momentum to efforts in this area.
– When the Presidency of Religious Affairs prepares programs such as sermons, Friday sermons, informal discussions, conferences, seminars, etc., it should ensure that the topic of addiction is given greater prominence in these programs.
– To ensure that the Presidency of Religious Affairs contributes to the social reintegration of individuals with addictions during and after the treatment and rehabilitation process, and to ensure that its efforts to collaborate with institutions and organizations dealing with addiction are carried out in a more systematic and organized manner, it would be appropriate to assign a sufficient number of Religious Services Specialists or imams dedicated exclusively to the field of addiction treatment.
– Given that addiction is a lifelong illness, we must ensure that people’s hope is kept alive through the development of a strong sense of spirituality and values.
Analysis by the Captain
– In addition to drivers on the roads, it would be appropriate to subject captains and pilots working in maritime and air transportation to random drug testing.
– The Ministry of Health must conduct inspections of the counseling centers operated by municipalities.
– It is believed that consolidating helplines that provide advisory services—such as Alo 191, Alo 183, and Alo 156—or, if that is not possible, at least consolidating the helplines operated by the Ministry of Health, would make it easier for citizens to access these services.
– AMATEM facilities must be located near general hospitals, in standalone buildings with gardens, and equipped with the necessary security measures.
“Anti-bias training” for medical students
– It has often been emphasized that even among healthcare professionals, there can be prejudice against patients with substance use disorders. To overcome these prejudices, education in this area must be expanded in medical schools, and AMATEM rotations must be included in psychiatry residency programs.
– Ensuring that oral naltrexone tablets—which are currently sourced from abroad and covered by the Social Security Institution (SGK) —are available at domestic pharmacies would be appropriate to facilitate access to treatment. Efforts could be initiated to include the monthly injectable depot form of the drug naltrexone in the SGK’s reimbursement system.
Audit of “Private”
– It is necessary to ensure that private entities operating in the field of addiction are subject to oversight.
– Given that substance use disorder is a biological illness that requires medical treatment, NGOs that claim to provide addiction treatment should be subject to strict oversight.
– AMATEM centers should be established throughout the country to treat women with substance use disorders, based on need.
– The shortage of trained personnel in the fight against addiction must be addressed.
– A dependency database should be created to identify the target audience in both qualitative and quantitative terms.
– It would be appropriate for the relevant authorities to review the capabilities of civil society organizations working to combat addiction and to ensure that only those with sufficient resources are permitted to engage exclusively in activities to combat addiction.
ÇEMATEM should be expanded
– Since delays in initiating treatment for children receiving services at ÇODEMs (Child Support Centers) also disrupt the services provided at these institutions, ÇEMATEMs must be expanded nationwide to ensure that treatment processes can be carried out more effectively.
– It has been noted that, despite having operated in our country for 25 years, Narcotics Anonymous—a peer-support-based group for former addicts—has no legal recognition.Regulations should be implemented to ensure that the group, which works in close collaboration with AMATEM centers, is evaluated more systematically within the framework of rehabilitation and social reintegration. As a priority, the necessary assistance should be provided in securing a location.
Employment support
– A system should be established to ensure that individuals with substance use disorders are referred to and monitored by the Turkish Employment Agency (İŞKUR) by the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Family and Social Policies during or after their rehabilitation process, and to enable İŞKUR to access information about these individuals. In addition to these individuals, it would be appropriate for family members awaiting employment to be referred through municipalities to İŞKUR Provincial Directorates and Service Centers.
– In particular, it would be appropriate to establish cooperation with İŞKUR regarding the job clubs to be set up by metropolitan municipalities for people with substance use disorders, and for the municipalities to assist the Agency in obtaining permits and allocating space.
– Addicts who are unemployed during treatment should be encouraged to participate in vocational training courses offered by municipalities.
Detentions of Association Members
– It has been determined that there are 265 associations in our country that are reported to be working in the field of drug control. Allegations have been raised that some associations were even involved in drug trafficking in the past, and that certain associations exploit the hopes of substance abusers to collect money under various pretexts. To prevent such negative practices, it is necessary to conduct the required oversight and develop relevant standards.
– Civil society organizations that have made significant progress in institutionalization, such as Yeşilay, should be supported in their efforts to strengthen the capacity of other civil society organizations. It would be appropriate to grant a VAT exemption for the expenditures related to the activities carried out by the Turkish Yeşilay Society—which receives a portion of its budget from public funds—as part of its efforts to combat addiction.
– Providing tax and other incentives to companies that support activities aimed at combating addiction will help expand the scope and impact of these efforts.
– To address the issue of long wait times for test results for individuals subject to probation, establishing laboratories dedicated exclusively to this process would enable results to be obtained quickly.
– It has been noted that self-harming behavior is occasionally observed among convicted offenders and detainees with substance use disorders. It would be appropriate to expand programs aimed at teaching psychosocial life skills that will help reduce such behaviors.
There should be no news reports about how drugs are used
– Article 20 of the Press Law No. 5187 specifically provides that murder, and suicide—and that fines will be imposed on publications that exceed these limits and are likely to encourage readers to commit such acts; however, drug-related offenses are not mentioned in this provision.Accordingly, it is deemed appropriate to include “narcotics offenses” in the relevant article of the aforementioned Law.
– With regard to the mandatory publications to be issued under Law No. 4207 on the Prevention and Control of the Harmful Effects of Tobacco Products, it would be appropriate to expand the scope to include forms of addiction other than tobacco.
– Since highlighting the false, temporary, and glorifying effects of substance use on individuals—whether in print or on the air—could encourage at-risk individuals, terms such as “drug lord,” “market value,” “recreational drug,” “high,” “victim,” or “drug trap”—which carry connotations of encouragement—should be replaced with terms that do not imply encouragement, such as “addict,” “person in need of treatment,” “harmful substance,” and similar expressions. Similarly, news reportsthat imply that synthetic drugs are cheap and easy to obtain should not be published.
– In a news report following an operation carried out by law enforcement, refraining from specifying the economic value of the seized substance—and instead using terms such as “bag,” “package,” or “kilogram”—may help prevent this from serving as an incentive for those seeking to profit from this illegal activity. Accordingly, methods of smuggling, dealing, and production should not be portrayed in an alluring manner, and it should not be implied that high profits are made through these means.
– Guidance regarding the use and procurement of the substance in TV shows, movies, and photographs should be avoided.
– News reports should not describe how drugs are used or provide specific details. News stories that arouse curiosity or encourage drug use among at-risk groups should not be published.Highlighting the temporary effects of drugs on individuals may lead at-risk groups to use drugs. Care should be taken to avoid emphasizing the false and temporary sense of well-being that drug use creates in individuals.
Certificates for Journalists
– It would be appropriate to introduce a certification program for journalists covering drug-related news.
– Since law enforcement agencies are the sources of news stories published in the media, the same level of care must be exercised in drafting press releases prepared by law enforcement agencies as is exercised by the media, and the text must be tailored to convey the message intended to be highlighted in the news story.
– It is necessary to develop a program that will encourage the production of theater and film works aimed at preventing addiction and to support best practices in this regard.
The Midnight Rule
– Movies that deal with drug use or contain scenes related to it should not be aired before midnight.
– In particular, 4- to 5-second mandatory ads that appear before online games—especially thoseplayed by young people—launch, and/or engaging and informative short videos of up to 10 seconds that must be watched before the game launches, should be produced.
– To promote the effective use of platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, it is important to use educational materials designed to effectively combat issues on social media—particularly those targeting young people—and, in this context, to share the stories of victims and families who have lost their children with young people on social media.
– Public service announcements on the topic of combating drug use should be broadcast during specific time slots throughout the day, rather than late at night.
– It would be appropriate to feature celebrities in public service announcements on substance abuse in an effort to attract a wider audience, and to avoid using gloomy themes and heavy music.
– Families should be informed that children under the age of 2 should not be exposed to technological devices under any circumstances, as this can hinder their cognitive development. Children should be taught proper use during elementary school and provided with a clear framework on this issue; harmful use should be prevented during middle school; and awareness campaigns regarding addiction should be conducted during high school.
– Software needs to be developed that allows families to monitor their children’s internet and gaming use, including the duration and time periods of internet use.
Grand National Assembly of Turkey – COŞKUN ERGÜL
The Commission on Substance Abuse Research called for the seizure of assets belonging to individuals accused of drug trafficking , just as is done with public employees, on the grounds that they acquired their assets unlawfully.
The Parliamentary Research Commission on Substance Abuse—established to investigate new forms of addiction and identify the causes of addiction and the measures to be taken—made several recommendations to the Ministry of Justice, which had presented a report to the commission.
It is noted that when a public employee is found to possess disproportionate assets, and if that person has failed to declare them in a timely manner, the state may seize the assets in question on the grounds of unjust enrichment, and that the burden of proof in such cases shifts to the public employee; it was also stated that a similar measure applied to public employees would be appropriate to apply to individuals accused of drug trafficking.
The Commission proposed that “assets confiscated in connection with drug trafficking/smuggling offenses could be used for the treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicts, thereby helping to reintegrate into society those harmed by drug traffickers.”
It was emphasized that the scope of the mandatory public service announcements to be published under the relevant law should be expanded to include forms of addiction other than tobacco.
The Commission’s other recommendations are as follows:
– Measures should be taken to prevent offenders who return to their high-risk social environment after release from resuming substance use or committing substance-related crimes.
– It has been noted that self-harming behavior is occasionally observed among convicted offenders and detainees with substance use disorders. It would be appropriate to expand programs aimed at teaching psychosocial life skills that will help reduce such behaviors.
– To ensure that inmates scheduled for release from prisons and individuals under probation are made aware of the support services provided by the Turkish Employment Agency (İŞKUR) and to enable them to benefit from these services, visits by İŞKUR officials to relevant institutions to provide information to inmates and individuals under supervised release should be expanded.
– It has been observed that there is a lack of sufficient scientific research in Turkey that comprehensively addresses the current situation regarding recidivism and updates its findings at regular intervals. Consequently, there is a lack of evidence-based data needed to develop policies that would determine what responsibilities institutions and organizations should assume in preventing recidivism. It is recommended that an “Institute of Criminal Justice” be established to address crime prevention. It would be appropriate for judicial institutions and organizations within the Turkish criminal justice system to take the recommendations of this academic body into account in their work and to establish a scientific database.
– As a solution to the problem of long wait times for test results for individuals subject to supervised release, having laboratories dedicated solely to this process would enable results to be obtained quickly. It should not be forgotten that detecting drugs in bodily fluids and verifying such detections require different equipment, and that centers with these capabilities are costly; however, establishing such centers is crucial to ensuring that individuals can be integrated into the treatment system in a timely manner.
– The social integration centers, launched as a pilot program by the Ministry of Family and Social Policies, could be expanded. Efforts should be made to ensure these centers remain true to their primary purpose, operate on a voluntary basis, and are equipped with the necessary programs to encourage children and youth to participate in them.
– For individuals placed on probation due to illegal substance use who have been diagnosed with “substance dependence,” the treatment and follow-up phases are managed by the Ministry of Health. For other probationers—such as users or dealers—who do not require treatment, substance analysis conducted to monitor and track illicit substance use is treated separately from standard medical laboratory practices due to the criminal nature of the case, the fact that the samples are considered forensic evidence, and their use for the purpose of criminal prosecution. For this reason, it would be appropriate for the substance analyses in question to be conducted in forensic toxicology laboratories within the Ministry of Justice and universities.
The Parliamentary Research Commission, established to investigate drug addiction and new forms of addiction in order to identify the causes of addiction and determine the necessary measures, convened under the chairmanship of Yılmaz Tezcan, AK Party Member of Parliament for Mersin.
At today’s meeting of the commission, Prof. Dr. İlhan, Dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences at Gazi University, gave a presentation on the communication aspect of the fight against drugs.
İlhan said that presenting the drug problem to the public by linking it to terrorism would contribute to the fight against drugs.
Noting that the fight against drugs begins with supply reduction and that law enforcement agencies are working diligently on this front, İlhan stated that demand reduction is the issue that deserves the most attention in this fight.
Emphasizing that the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Youth and Sports, and the Presidency of Religious Affairs have a major role to play in reducing demand, İlhan said, “At this very point, communication emerges as the most important factor. “We need to set a goal for ourselves regarding demand reduction. We must recognize that this will require a multi-sectoral effort. We must make excellent use of our communication channels,” he said.
Explaining that the 15–24 age group constitutes the most significant at-risk population for drug addiction, İlhan emphasized that all efforts should be directed toward this group. İlhan stated, “This is the area where cooperation among families, civil society organizations, the government, and the media is most essential.” “Research has shown that 70 percent of people who have tried drugs at least once continue to use them. This highlights the importance of never starting to use drugs in the first place as the primary preventive measure,” he said.
Prof. Dr. Mustafa Necmi İlhan emphasized the need to raise awareness about healthy living and the importance of preparing a guide for the media.
Noting that public service announcements on the fight against drugs could be produced for high-traffic websites, İlhan said, “A unified approach is one of the key components of this fight. We must continue our efforts using a model tailored to Turkey’s specific context, taking these challenges into account. “Shared values and inter-institutional cooperation are crucial in this fight. We need to constantly adapt as drug dealers find new ways to operate,” he said.
– “It is important for the media to come together in a shared sense of responsibility”
Yeşim Sert Karaaslan, a senior correspondent for the Anadolu Agency (AA) and vice president of the Health Communication Association, said that the media, along with society, has a major role to play in the fight against substance abuse.
Karaaslan, noting that ensuring effective communication is crucial and that the media plays a vital role in conveying information to the target audience, “For the accurate transmission of information to individuals and society, the provision of appropriate guidance, and the raising of awareness, it is important for the media to come together with a shared sense of responsibility,” he noted.
In news reports, Karaaslan emphasized that the economic value of the item should not be mentioned so as not to encourage such behavior; instead, he suggested that using terms like “bag,” “package,” or “kilogram” could help prevent those seeking to profit from this illegal activity from being encouraged to do so.
Explaining that the use of a common language in the news could be seen as another important element in the struggle, Karaaslan noted the following:
“A workshop to be held with the participation of provincial media representatives, in the spirit of shared awareness, will contribute to advocacy efforts. In many developed countries, there are journalists who specialize in diplomacy, education, and health. A journalist who is an expert in this field is well-versed in the health literature, knowledgeable about relevant legislation, and much more experienced. The media can conduct training in this area internally, or it can collaborate with relevant professional organizations and civil society organizations to hold workshops.”
– “Concerns about ratings have become alarming”
Aslan Değirmenci, President of the International Media and Information Association, said that government agencies need to develop a common language of communication with media representatives, particularly regarding the fight against drugs.
Değirmenci noted that there is significant conceptual confusion in the media and suggested that reporters in the field could be trained to put an end to this confusion.
Değirmenci, noting that when press and media centers reviewed their news archives, they found that 30,000 news stories related to this field were published each year, said, “That is truly a very high number. In 70 percent of these news stories, users are described with terms such as ‘trapped,’ ‘stuck in a quagmire,’ ‘victim,’ ‘young,’ or ‘child-aged.’ Users are generally portrayed as dangerous lunatics. We must break free from this othering,” he said.
Değirmenci argued that the media’s obsession with ratings has reached alarming levels, leading to highly sensationalized news stories. Emphasizing that this practice—carried out solely to boost viewership—must be abandoned, Değirmenci said:
“Anadolu Agency has not been providing its subscribers with suicide-related news for about three years. This is a positive development. We have observed that the number of suicide-related news stories in the media has dropped by 60 percent as a result of the agency’s decision not to provide such reports to its subscribers. We are also seeing a decrease in suicide incidents following the agency’s assumption of this responsibility. All media organizations must demonstrate the same sensitivity regarding substance abuse. I must point out, however, that the number of news stories aimed at increasing the demand for treatment in the fight against addiction is virtually nonexistent. We need to engage in this self-criticism.”
Meanwhile, representatives from the Prime Ministry’s General Directorate of Press, Publications, and Information, the General Directorate of the Turkish Employment Agency, and the Presidency of the Radio and Television Supreme Council also briefed the commission on their institutions’ operating principles and ongoing projects.
http://www.star.com.tr/guncel/tbmm-madde-bagimliligi-arastirma-komisyonu-haber-1323080/
Grand National Assembly of Turkey
Prof. Dr. Sevil Atasoy, Vice Rector of Üsküdar University and Director of the Institute of Addiction and Forensic Sciences, stated that approximately 450 metric tons of heroin passed through Turkey last year via the route known asthe “Balkan Route” in the drug trade.
The Parliamentary Research Commission, established to investigate drug addiction and new forms of addiction with the aim of identifying the causes of addiction and determining the necessary measures, convened under the chairmanship of Yılmaz Tezcan , AK Party Member of Parliament for Mersin.
In his presentation during the afternoon session of the meeting, Atasoy noted that heroin produced in Afghanistan is shipped to Russia and Europe, adding that the primary route to Europe is the so-called “Balkan Route,” which passes through Turkey.
Sevil Atasoy stated, “Last year, approximately 450 metric tons of heroin passed through Turkey via this route. We were able to seize part of this heroin, but we were unable to seize the rest.”
Noting that heroin production in Afghanistan has increased by 87 percent compared to last year, Atasoy said, “Turkey is a transit country. But if 450 metric tons of heroin pass through a country—no matter how much you seize, given that our seizure rate is around 40 percent—the remainder, even though it’s destined for Europe, its primary market, will inevitably seek out customers right here on our soil. After all, we’re talking about smuggling that generates enormous profits,” he stated.
Atasoy, who emphasized today that drugs are the primary source of income for illegal organizations in Europe, explained that the drug known as “captagon,” which originates in the Balkans, is transported through Turkey to countries such as Syria, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar.
Noting that millions of Captagon tablets had been seized in some provinces in the Southeastern Anatolia Region, such as Hatay and Gaziantep, Atasoy reported that hundreds of Captagon tablets had also been seized in plastic bags in some tunnels near Afrin as part of Operation Olive Branch.
Noting that Captagon—a type of amphetamine derivative—has stimulant properties, makes it easier to resist hunger and thirst, is highly addictive, and is used by terrorist groups, Atasoy said, “Wherever there are terrorist groups or civil wars in the world, we always see that a specific amphetamine derivative is being used there,” he said.
Atasoy, noting that Turkey’s efforts to combat drug production have always been met with great appreciation, continued as follows:
“However, we were unable to counter the demand with the same level of success. This is because, 25 to 30 years ago, we could not have foreseen that addiction would reach this point in this country. This is a belated effort. That said, I would also like to point out that efforts to control supply will be of no use whatsoever if efforts to curb demand are not successful. We need to place far greater emphasis on curbing demand. Curbing demand is an indispensable element of international agreements.”
Noting that only one in every six people with a drug addiction worldwide is able to receive treatment, Atasoy said that in Turkey, even that is not possible.
Atasoy, who stated that the misuse of prescription drugs or various painkillers inevitably leads to addiction, reported that a significant cause of illnesses and disabilities observed in infants in Turkey is factors such as various medications, smoking, and alcohol used during pregnancy.
Atasoy, who stated that the fight against drugs must be extended to the preschool years, noted that this would be possible through a collaborative effort involving several ministries.
Noting that methods for combating substance abuse vary from country to country, Atasoy said, “There are universal principles for preventive measures, but we need to take a local approach. This local focus is so crucial that the country, province, and district levels alone are not enough—we need to tackle the issue differently at the neighborhood level. “That is why we need to understand our country in such detail,” he said.
Atasoy, who said he was familiar with the fight against drugs over the past 20 years, continued:
“We’ve always taken photos. It’s now clear that taking photos won’t get us anywhere. Because drugs are being used. The age of first drug use has dropped, and violence and murders have increased. These are all interconnected issues. Because there are certain risks, and we can’t do anything to protect people from them. These risks lead us either to substance use, to violence, to major failures, or ultimately to murder. In other words, the fight against drugs is not just about drugs—it’s also a fight against violence.”
Atasoy, who also addressed the risk factors that lead to substance abuse, noted that substance use within the family, a broken home, having a parent in prison, poverty, academic failure, and domestic violence are significant risk factors.
Officials from the General Directorate of Prisons and Detention Centers of the Ministry of Justice, who attended the meeting, also provided information on initiatives such as the Psychosocial Assistance Services of the Correctional Institution, the Individual Intervention Program for Alcohol and Substance Abuse, and the Tobacco, Alcohol, and Substance Abuse Program.
Reporter: Hüseyin Gazi Kaykı
https://aa.com.tr/tr/politika/tbmm-madde-bagimliligi-arastirma-komisyonu-toplandi/1088872
Prof. Dr. Sevil Atasoy shared the 2017 report prepared by the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) with the public in Turkey. Atasoy, who served as a member and former chair of the United Nations International Narcotics Control Board during the 2005–2010 and 2015–2022 terms, highlighted that heroin poses the greatest threat to Turkey while discussing the details of the report.
WHAT IS THE BIGGEST PROBLEM IN THE FIGHT AGAINST DRUGS?
Prof. Dr. Sevil Atasoy, emphasizing that heroin poses the greatest threat to Turkey, said, “In a country through which such large quantities of heroin pass—we’re talking about tons—it’s impossible for it to stay here; in other words, no matter what, a transit country will inevitably have users.” Atasoy emphasized that the most significant challenge all countries face in the fight against drugs—and one they struggle to address—is “reducing demand.” Prof. Dr. Nevzat Tarhan, Rector of Üsküdar University, also described addiction as a “social cancer” of society and underscored the importance of treatment and the subsequent rehabilitation process. In his remarks, Tarhan likewise emphasized that the real battle lies in reducing demand.
At a press conference held at the Altunizade Campus of Üsküdar University, Prof. Dr. Sevil Atasoy presented the 2017 Report prepared by the United Nations (UN) International Narcotics Control Board (INCB). According to the report, individuals who use drugs around the world face stigmatization. Globally, only one in six people in need of treatment for drug addiction has access to such treatment programs. The report, which also details regional developments, highlighted that drugs and medications subject to international control are being sold online.
TURKEY’S ROLE IN THE DRUG TRADE WAS DISCUSSED
Prof. Dr. Sevil Atasoy, Vice Rector and former Chair of the United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs during the 2005–2010 and 2015–2022 terms, stated that Turkey was included in the International Narcotics Control Board’s 2017 report because it lies along the traditional Balkan Route.
Prof. Dr. Sevil Atasoy said: “Although about 40 percent of heroin originating from Afghanistan is seized by Iran and Turkey, it is known that approximately 350 metric tons of heroin reach Western European markets. However, the report also noted that, thanks to the security measures we have implemented along our borders, Afghan heroin has shifted from the Balkan Route to what is known as the ‘Northern Route,’ reaching Eastern Europe via the Northern Black Sea route through Armenia. Another significant fact is that Turkey lies along the route of Captagon smuggling, which originates in Eastern Europe and extends to Iraq, Syria, and other countries on the Arabian Peninsula. Although Captagon was a prescription drug available on the market years ago, it is no longer manufactured due to its abuse. However, because of its popularity, counterfeit Captagon has been introduced into the market. Counterfeit Captagon contains various amphetamine derivatives and substances such as caffeine instead of fenetylline. It is used primarily by terrorist groups to cope with sleep deprivation and hunger, and large quantities are being seized in our eastern regions, particularly in Hatay.”
THE BIGGEST THREAT TO TURKEY: HEROIN
Prof. Dr. Sevil Atasoy, emphasizing that heroin poses the greatest threat to Turkey, said, “In a country through which such large quantities of heroin pass—we’re talking about tons—it’s impossible for it to stay here; in other words, no matter what, a transit country will inevitably have users. As soon as the price drops on the market, it spreads. “The spread of drugs is in the hands of the traffickers. They are the ones in control because illegal organizations control the market. Heroin is the most dangerous. In terms of the substances used by those seeking treatment at AMATEM, heroin ranks first,” she said.
“WE’RE FORGETTING ABOUT THE ADDICTS IN PRISONS”
Highlighting the importance of over-the-counter medication use, Prof. Dr. Sevil Atasoy stated that priority should be given to treatment in prisons, saying:
“Addicts in prisons are a major problem. We shouldn’t view this solely in terms of drugs; the misuse of prescription medications without a prescription is also a form of addiction. This is a serious issue because that person may later turn to heroin, which is much cheaper. A lot of drugs are now available in pill form. Yes, Turks generally don’t like injecting drugs into their veins, but they’ll swallow pills without hesitation. Treatment within prisons is a very important detail, and it’s not done at all in Turkey. In contrast, in the U.S., mandatory treatment is carried out, especially in prisons. When someone says, “I don’t want treatment” while on the outside, you can’t force them to undergo treatment. But within a prison, this is possible. They view this as a method. But we don’t have such a practice here. There are hundreds of thousands of people inside who need treatment.”
“DRUG ADDICTION IS ON THE RISE AMONG WOMEN IN REFUGEE CAMPS”
Prof. Dr. Sevil Atasoy, who draws attention to drug addiction among women, said, “There are currently various camps where large numbers of Syrian women are being held together. These are located along the border—both here and in other places, such as Lebanon. “Doctors there are forced to prescribe antidepressants to those in extreme distress. Drug dependence is developing among them as well. It’s not Captagon or heroin, but drug dependence is present. For women who are pregnant, there is a risk that their babies could be born with disabilities,” she said.
THE REPORT’S FOCUS: TREATMENT
The INCB 2017 Report emphasized that the need for treatment and rehabilitation far exceeds the availability of such services. It called on governments to place greater emphasis on treatment and rehabilitation rather than focusing solely on prevention.
The report, which calls on governments to invest in treatment and rehabilitation services while paying particular attention to the needs of vulnerable populations, reminded states of their obligation to provide treatment services to those affected by substance use disorders.
ONLY 1 IN EVERY 6 PEOPLE HAS ACCESS TO TREATMENT
In its annual report, the INCB warns that, globally, only one in six people in need of drug addiction treatment has access to such programs. Even where access to treatment is available, the quality of treatment is often low and falls short of international standards.
According to the report, people who use drugs around the world face stigma, which further complicates the situation. This stigma not only hinders their treatment opportunities and access to treatment, but also affects their chances of reintegrating into society.
THE ISSUE OF ONLINE PHARMACIES
The report emphasized that substance use disorder is one of the most stigmatized health issues worldwide. The report, which also detailed regional developments, highlighted that internationally controlled drugs and narcotics are being sold online. The report noted that because some online pharmacies operate without a license, they are able to sell pharmaceutical preparations containing narcotic substances without a prescription.
PROF. DR. NEVZAT TARHAN: ADDICTION IS THE SOCIAL CANCER OF SOCIETY
Prof. Dr. Nevzat Tarhan, Rector of Üsküdar University, also described addiction as the “social cancer” of society. Noting that there are key pillars in the fight against addiction, Tarhan said, “One of these is prevention. Raising awareness and fostering understanding among healthy individuals regarding substance use—in other words, ensuring these individuals do not feel the need to use substances. We refer to this as ‘demand reduction’ in the fight against addiction. Preventive mental health services are crucial,” he said.
Tarhan, noting that substance abuse and related deaths are on the rise despite all the measures taken in developed countries, pointed out that demand is a key factor here as well, and that the demand for substance use comes primarily from young people.
“THE REAL CHALLENGE IS TO REDUCE DEMAND”
Stating that policies to combat addiction must be implemented correctly, Prof. Dr. Tarhan said, “Some policies focus solely on tackling supply, but that is not enough, of course. Let’s establish narcotics task forces, but what do we need to do to actually reduce demand? In addition to treatment, there is also prevention. In prevention, identifying at-risk groups and creating a risk map are crucial—it’s important to determine which areas on that map are most affected. In the fight against addiction, it is of primary importance to integrate primary care services into those areas and establish rehabilitation teams composed of specialized psychologists and social workers. In these policies, identifying risks is crucial for preventive measures. From a treatment perspective, access to treatment is also a critical issue that requires close attention. There are many people who face difficulties accessing treatment—including those living on the streets, the homeless, and those living alone. Those in broken family environments or with toxic peer groups are also part of the at-risk group. They, too, must be supported in accessing treatment and should be referred to mandatory treatment,” he said.
WHAT ARE OUR SHORTCOMINGS IN REHABILITATION TREATMENT?
Tarhan, noting that the majority of these individuals should be referred to the rehabilitation process following the detoxification (purification) phase and the acute phase of treatment, emphasized that
Turkey is the only country among developed nations that lacks a standalone law on rehabilitation.
Prof. Dr. Nevzat Tarhan said: “Psychological, social, and vocational rehabilitation processes must go hand in hand. Unfortunately, Turkey currently has the fewest rehabilitation centers in the world. It is the only country among developed nations that lacks a dedicated constitution for rehabilitation. Currently, our priority is to return individuals to their former environment after treatment. AMATEM centers have now become institutions that simply repeat the same cycle. However, instead of returning these individuals to their former environments, their rehabilitation should be conducted in structured settings—such as health villages—where rehabilitation takes place. If the government cannot do this, it should delegate the task to the private sector. Otherwise, issues related to addiction will be discussed again in exactly the same way 10 years from now.”
Noting that the active use of primary care services in addiction policies would provide a practical approach for Turkey, Prof. Dr. Tarhan said, “I believe this should be taken into account by those who shape Turkey’s health policy when determining its addiction policies, and that it is important.”
A NEW THREAT FOR YOUNG PEOPLE
Prof. Dr. Nevzat Tarhan, noting that the illegal chemical industry is pursuing new schemes, said, “They are setting new traps for young people. They’re producing new synthetic substances and selling them at low prices through underground operations. These new psychoactive substances—known as ‘Bonzai’ and ‘Jamaica,’ or ‘bath powder’—create an artificial state of consciousness in the user. The user sees themselves in a false paradise. Later, schizophrenia emerges, and mental illnesses develop. It turns the person into a zombie and leads to sudden deaths. We are losing the new generation. “To prevent the loss of the younger generation, it is essential that policies on this issue be sustainable—and that this issue be addressed not only when a crisis arises in society or the media, but by establishing sustainable policies around it,” he warned.
https://www.sozcu.com.tr/hayatim/yasam-haberleri/prof-dr-sevil-atasoy-uyusturucu-ile-mucadelede-en-buyuk-sorunumuz/
According to the report, people who use drugs around the world face stigmatization. Globally, only one in six people in need of treatment for drug addiction has access to such treatment programs. The report, which also details regional developments, highlights that controlled substances and drugs are being sold online.
Prof. Dr. Sevil Atasoy noted that Turkey was included in the International Narcotics Control Board’s 2017 report because it lies along the traditional Balkan Route, and said the following:
“Although approximately 40 percent of heroin originating from Afghanistan is seized by Iran and Turkey, it is known that about 350 metric tons of heroin reach Western European markets. However, the report also notes that, thanks to the security measures we have implemented along our borders, Afghan heroin has shifted from the Balkan Route to what is known as the “Northern Route”—a path that passes through Armenia and reaches Eastern Europe via the Northern Black Sea route. Another significant fact is that Turkey lies along the route of Captagon smuggling, which originates in Eastern Europe and extends to Iraq, Syria, and other countries on the Arabian Peninsula. Although Captagon was a prescription drug available on the market years ago, it is no longer manufactured due to its abuse. However, because of its popularity, counterfeit Captagon has been introduced into the market. Counterfeit Captagon contains various amphetamine derivatives and substances such as caffeine instead of fenetylline. It is used primarily by terrorist groups to cope with sleep deprivation and hunger, and large quantities are being seized in our eastern regions, particularly in Hatay.”
“HEROIN IS THE BIGGEST THREAT TO TURKEY”
Prof. Dr. Sevil Atasoy, emphasizing that heroin poses the greatest threat to Turkey, said, “In a country through which such large quantities of heroin pass, it’s impossible for it to stay here—in other words, a transit country will inevitably have users. As soon as the price drops on the market, it spreads. “The spread of drugs is in the hands of the traffickers. They are the ones in control because illegal organizations control the market. Heroin is the most dangerous. In terms of the substances used by those seeking treatment at AMATEM, heroin ranks first,” she said.
“TREATMENT SHOULD BE PROVIDED IN PRISONS”
Highlighting the importance of over-the-counter medication use, Prof. Dr. Sevil Atasoy stated that priority should be given to treatment in prisons, saying:
“Addicts in prisons are a major problem. We shouldn’t view this solely in terms of drugs; the misuse of prescription medications without a prescription is also a form of addiction. This is a serious issue because that person may later turn to heroin, which is much cheaper. A lot of substances are now available in pill form. Yes, Turks generally don’t like injecting drugs into their veins, but they’ll swallow pills without hesitation. Treatment within prisons is a very important detail, and it’s not done at all in Turkey. Yet in the U.S., mandatory treatment is carried out, especially in prisons. When someone says, “I don’t want treatment” while on the outside, you can’t force them to undergo it. But within a prison, you can. They view this as a method. But we don’t have such a practice here. There are hundreds of thousands of people inside who need treatment.”
“DRUG ADDICTION IS ON THE RISE AMONG WOMEN IN REFUGEE CAMPS”
Atasoy, who drew attention to drug addiction among women, said, “There are currently various camps where large numbers of Syrian women are being held together. These are located along the border—both here and in other places like Lebanon. The doctors there are forced to prescribe antidepressants. to those who are in extreme distress. Drug dependence is developing among them as well. So, it’s not Captagon or heroin, but there is drug dependence. In cases where women are pregnant, there is a risk that their babies could be born with disabilities,” he said.
GREATER EMPHASIS SHOULD BE PLACED ON TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION
The 2017 INCB Report emphasized that the need for treatment and rehabilitation far exceeds the availability of such services. It called on governments to place greater emphasis on treatment and rehabilitation rather than focusing solely on prevention.
The report, which calls on governments to invest in treatment and rehabilitation services while paying particular attention to the needs of vulnerable populations, reminded states of their obligation to provide treatment services to those affected by substance use disorders.
ONE IN EVERY SIX PEOPLE HAS ACCESS TO TREATMENT
In its annual report, the INCB warns that globally, only one in six people in need of drug addiction treatment has access to such programs. Even where access to treatment is available, the quality of care is often low and falls short of international standards.
According to the report, people who use drugs around the world face stigma, which further complicates the situation. This stigma not only hinders their opportunities for treatment and access to care but also affects their chances of reintegrating into society.
ONLINE PHARMACIES ARE OPERATING WITHOUT A LICENSE
The report emphasized that substance use disorder is one of the most stigmatized health issues worldwide. The report, which also detailed regional developments, highlighted that internationally controlled drugs and narcotics are being sold online. The report noted that because some online pharmacies operate without a license, they are able to sell pharmaceutical preparations containing narcotic substances without a prescription.
“ADDICTION IS THE SOCIAL CANCER OF SOCIETY”
Prof. Dr. Nevzat Tarhan also described addiction as the “social cancer” of society. Noting that there are key pillars in the fight against addiction, Tarhan said, “One of these is prevention. Raising awareness and fostering understanding among healthy individuals regarding substance use—in other words, ensuring these individuals do not feel the need to use substances. We refer to this as ‘demand reduction’ in the fight against addiction. Preventive mental health services are crucial,” he said.
Tarhan, noting that substance abuse and related deaths are on the rise despite all the measures taken in developed countries, pointed out that demand is a key factor here as well, and that the demand for substance use comes primarily from young people.
“POLICIES TO COMBAT ADDICTION MUST BE IMPLEMENTED PROPERLY”
Stating that policies to combat addiction must be implemented correctly, Prof. Dr. Tarhan said, “Some policies focus solely on tackling supply, but that is not enough, of course. Let’s establish narcotics task forces, but what do we need to do to actually reduce demand? In addition to treatment, there is also prevention. In prevention, identifying at-risk groups and creating a risk map are crucial—it’s important to determine which areas on that map are most affected. In the fight against addiction, it is of primary importance to integrate primary care services into those areas and establish rehabilitation teams composed of specialized psychologists and social workers. In these policies, identifying risks is crucial for preventive measures. From a treatment perspective, access to treatment is also a critical issue that requires close attention. There are many people who face difficulties accessing treatment—including those living on the streets, the homeless, and those living alone. Those in broken family environments or with toxic peer groups are also part of the at-risk group. They, too, must be supported in accessing treatment and should be referred to mandatory treatment,” he said.
“WE DON’T HAVE OUR OWN LAW ON REHABILITATION”
Pointing out that the majority of these individuals should be referred to the rehabilitation process following the detoxification (purification) phase and the acute phase of treatment, Tarhan emphasized that Turkey is the only country among developed nations that does not have a standalone law on rehabilitation, and said the following:
“Psychological, social, and vocational rehabilitation processes must go hand in hand. Unfortunately, Turkey currently has the fewest rehabilitation centers in the world. It is the only country among developed nations that lacks a dedicated legal framework for rehabilitation. Currently, our priority is to return individuals to their former environment after treatment. AMATEM centers have now become institutions that simply repeat the same cycle. However, instead of returning these individuals to their former environments, their rehabilitation should take place in structured settings—such as health villages—where rehabilitation is provided. If the government cannot do this, it should have the private sector do it. Otherwise, issues related to addiction will be on the agenda again in 10 years.”
Noting that the active use of primary care services in addiction policies would provide a practical approach for Turkey, Prof. Tarhan said, “I believe this should be taken into account by those who shape Turkey’s health policy when determining its addiction policies, and that it is important.”
“NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES ARE A THREAT TO YOUTH”
Tarhan, noting that the illegal chemical industry is hatching new schemes, said, “They’re setting new traps for young people. They’re producing new synthetic substances and selling them at low prices through underground operations. These new psychoactive substances—known as ‘Bonzai’ and ‘Jamaica,’ or ‘bath powder’—create an artificial state of consciousness in the user. The user sees themselves in a false paradise. Later, schizophrenia emerges, and mental illnesses develop. It turns the person into a zombie and leads to sudden deaths. We are losing the new generation. “To prevent the loss of the younger generation, it is essential that policies on this issue be sustainable—and that this issue be addressed not only when a crisis arises in society or the media, but by establishing sustainable policies around it,” he warned.
https://www.ntv.com.tr/saglik/turkiye-icin-en-buyuk-tehlike-eroin,hJEppwSrjkSI2V0toVJnKw
President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan stated, “I congratulate Yeşilay on its 98th anniversary and those dedicated to this cause on Yeşilay Week, March 1–7, in recognition of their selfless efforts in our fight against addiction. I remember with gratitude and respect all our elders who have contributed to Yeşilay over the years and have since passed away.”
President Erdoğan’s post on social media regarding Yeşilay Week reads as follows:
“To ensure a healthy future for our country, it is our important duty—and our patriotic obligation—to combat addiction and harmful habits that could endanger our children and youth on all fronts.”
@1920Yesilay, one of our country’s most established civil society organizations, aims to be a leading civil society organization that serves as a global model in the fight against addiction; it is consistently, sincerely, and using scientific methods combating addiction to alcohol, tobacco, drugs, technology, and gambling.
I would like to celebrate the 98th anniversary of Yeşilay and Yeşilay Week (March 1–7) for all those dedicated to this cause, in recognition of their selfless efforts in the fight against addiction. I remember with gratitude and respect all our elders who have contributed to Yeşilay over the years and have since passed away.”
To ensure a healthy future for our country, it is our important duty—our patriotic duty—to combat addiction and harmful habits that could endanger our children and youth on all fronts.
